What does "dumping" refer to in trade?

The term "dumping" in trade context specifically refers to the practice of exporting goods at a price lower than their cost of production or their price in the domestic market. This can be seen as a way to gain an unfair competitive advantage in the foreign market, as it allows exporters to sell products at reduced prices to attract buyers and undercut local competitors.

This practice can lead to various negative consequences in the importing country, such as harming local industries that cannot compete with the lower prices and potentially leading to job losses. International trade agreements and laws often address dumping, as it can distort fair trade practices and market dynamics.

The other options outline different concepts that do not align with the definition of dumping. For example, sustainable trading methods focus on ethical practices, while legal restrictions on imports refer to tariffs or quotas, and evaluating product quality is about ensuring standards before export rather than pricing strategies in trade.