What type of system measures a process or product against a benchmark and makes adjustments accordingly?

A closed-loop system is designed to continuously measure and monitor the output of a process or product against a predetermined benchmark or standard. This feedback mechanism is crucial because it allows the system to make real-time adjustments to maintain optimal performance or desired outcomes.

In a closed-loop system, sensors gather data about the current state of the process, and this information is compared to the benchmark. If there is a discrepancy, the system automatically adjusts variables to correct any deviations. This dynamic feedback loop is what distinguishes closed-loop systems, ensuring they can respond to changes and maintain desired performance levels.

In contrast, open-loop systems operate without feedback; they execute a predefined set of instructions without the capability to adjust based on the output. Adaptive systems can involve learning and modification based on experiences, but they may not specifically focus on constant benchmark comparisons like closed-loop systems do. Static systems lack the ability to change or adapt over time, limiting their effectiveness when adaptability is necessary.